KYO (Know Your Organization) -OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a permanent, international organization headquartered in Vienna, Austria, was established in Baghdad, Iraq on 10–14 September 1960. Its mandate is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies" of its members and to "ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry." In 2014 OPEC comprised twelve members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.According to the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC crude oil production is an important factor affecting global oil prices. OPEC sets production targets for its member nations and generally, when OPEC production targets are reduced, oil prices increase. Projections of changes in Saudi production result in changes in the price of benchmark crude oils.

OPEC was formed in 1960 when the international oil market was largely dominated by multinational companies, the 'seven sisters'. "From offices in London, New York and Pittsburgh top executives of oil companies were controlling destinies of Middle East oil producing states." According to Daniel Yergin, the formation of OPEC represented the "first collective act of sovereignty on the part of oil exporters" and the "first turning point in the international economic relations towards the states' control over natural resources".In the 1960s OPEC "ensured oil companies would be cautious about taking any steps unilaterally" and oil companies "would not dare cut the posted price again."

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries